The Carbon Cycle & Climate Change

What Is the Carbon Cycle? The carbon cycle describes how carbon moves through the Earth’s systems Key Steps in the Carbon Cycle: Photosynthesis: Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and convert it into oxygen and sugars. Respiration: Animals release CO₂...

The Invisible World of Microorganisms

What Are Microorganisms? Microorganisms are tiny living organisms visible only under a microscope. Types include: Bacteria: Single-celled organisms found everywhere (e.g., in soil, water, and our bodies). Viruses: Non-living particles that infect living cells to...

Rock Cycle

Types of Rocks There are three main rock types, with rocks changing between each type over millions of years.  Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of molten rock (magma & lava) Magma cools underground → forms intrusive igneous rocks (e.g., granite). Lava...

The Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang – What Happened? 13.8 Billion Years Ago: The universe began as a tiny, hot, and dense point called a singularity. This singularity suddenly expanded in an event called the Big Bang, releasing enormous energy. In the first fractions of a second, the...

The Human Immune System

First Line of Defense The immune system’s first line of defense relies on physical and chemical barriers to prevent harmful pathogens from entering the body. Skin: Acts as a tough, protective outer layer, preventing most germs from entering the body. Mucus Membranes:...

Dinosaurs and their Extinction

World of Dinosaurs Dinosaurs appeared about 230 million years ago during the Triassic Period. They thrived for over 165 million years across the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods. Types of Dinosaurs: Herbivores (plant-eaters) like the Brachiosaurus and...

Exploring the Solar System: Beyond Planets

Comets Comets are fascinating celestial wanderers known for their glowing comas and spectacular tails illuminating the night sky. Structure of a Comet Nucleus: The solid, icy core made of rock, dust, and frozen gases. Coma: A glowing cloud of gas and dust that forms...
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