Three Main States of Matter
Matter exists in different states, each with unique properties that define its shape, volume, and movement.
Solids have a definite shape and volume because their particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place.
- Some metals can be malleable, meaning they can be shaped without breaking.
Liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape; they take the shape of their container. Their particles are loosely packed and move freely.
- Liquids have surface tension, which allows insects to walk on water!
Gases have no fixed shape or volume and expand to fill any container. Their particles move rapidly and spread out.
- Gases can be compressed into smaller spaces (like in oxygen tanks).
Changes in States of Matter
Matter can change states when temperature or pressure changes, altering how particles move.
- Melting (solid → liquid) – Ice melts into water when heated.
- Freezing (liquid → solid) – Water freezes into ice when cooled.
- Evaporation (liquid → gas) – Water turns into vapor when heated.
- Condensation (gas → liquid) – Water vapor cools to form droplets (like on a cold drink).
- Sublimation (solid → gas) – Dry ice skips the liquid stage and turns into gas.
Fun Facts
Here are some interesting facts about states of matter:
- A fourth state of matter is plasma, found in stars and lightning.
- Non-Newtonian fluids (like oobleck) act like liquids but become solid under pressure!
- Bose-Einstein Condensates are a special state of matter where atoms move extremely slowly, almost stopping!
- Some gases glow in electricity, like neon in neon signs!
Review
Let’s quickly recap what we learned about states of matter:
- What state of matter has a definite shape and volume? Solid
- What process turns a liquid into a gas? Evaporation
- Which state of matter has fast-moving particles that spread out? Gas
- What is the fourth state of matter found in stars and lightning? Plasma
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