Plant Diseases

What Causes Plant Diseases? Plant diseases are caused by both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors that disrupt plant health. Biotic Causes – Pathogens: Fungi: Most common; spread by spores and cause leaf spots, mildew, rots, and wilts by blocking water...

Plant Adaptations

Desert & Cold Climate Adaptations Plants in deserts and cold areas adapt to extreme dryness, heat, or freezing temperatures. Desert Adaptations: Thick, waxy cuticles reduce water loss. Spines instead of leaves (like cacti) to lower evaporation and protect from...

Animal Communication

How Do Animals Communicate? Animals have amazing ways of “talking” using their senses—like sound, sight, smell, and touch! Sound (Auditory Communication): Whales use low-frequency sounds that can travel miles underwater. Birds use songs to warn others, find mates, and...

Animal Classification

How Do Scientists Classify Animals? Scientists classify animals using physical traits, behaviors, and genetics in a process called taxonomy. Scientists look at traits like backbones, body coverings, reproduction methods, and diet. Vertebrates have backbones (like...

Animal Classification

How Do Scientists Classify Animals? Scientists classify animals using physical traits, behaviors, and genetics in a process called taxonomy. Scientists look at traits like backbones, body coverings, reproduction methods, and diet. Vertebrates have backbones (like...

Vascular Plants

What Makes a Plant Vascular? Vascular plants have special tissues that help them grow tall and transport water and nutrients. Xylem carries water and minerals from the roots up to the leaves. Phloem carries sugar (food) made in the leaves to the rest of the plant....
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