Seeing, Sensing, Moving: Robots in Action

How Robots See the World

Robots utilize specialized sensors and cameras to “see”  their surroundings.

• Robots use cameras, similar to the human eye, to capture images and videos.
• They also use LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) to bounce lasers off objects and create 3D maps.
• Infrared sensors enable robots to detect heat and objects, even in complete darkness.
• Ultrasonic sensors work like a bat’s echolocation, sending sound waves and measuring how long it takes for them to bounce back.
• Computer programs, known as algorithms, enable robots to recognize shapes, navigate around obstacles, and plan efficient paths.

How Robots Move

Robots move using motors, wheels, legs, and careful calculations!

• Many robots move on wheels or tracks, similar to a tank, for smooth surfaces.
• Some robots use legs to climb stairs or walk over uneven ground.
• Servomotors and actuators control a robot’s arms, hands, and feet with precise movements.
• Robots plan their paths using algorithms and real-time feedback from their sensors.
• Some robots utilize machine learning to enhance their navigation and movement capabilities over time.

Fun Facts

Here are some interesting facts about robots:

• Robots can see better than humans in complete darkness by using infrared cameras.
• NASA’s Mars rovers utilize both cameras and lasers to navigate the surface of Mars.
• Self-driving cars use a mix of LIDAR, radar, and cameras to drive safely.
• Robotic vacuum cleaners map your home to clean efficiently, avoiding obstacles and bumping into everything.

Review

Let’s quickly recap what we learned about robots:

• What laser-based system helps robots map their surroundings? LIDAR
• What type of motor helps move robot arms and legs? Servomotor
• What waves do ultrasonic sensors use? Sound
• What computer programs help robots “think” and plan their movement? Algorithms