Hormones and the Endocrine System

The Endocrine System – An Overview The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones to regulate vital body functions. Pituitary Gland: The “master gland” controls growth and other glands. Thyroid Gland: Regulates metabolism and...

Genetic Mutations: Helpful or Harmful?

What Are Genetic Mutations? Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can impact traits in various ways. Types of mutations: Point Mutation: A single base change (e.g., sickle cell anemia). Deletion/Insertion: Adding or removing DNA bases. Frameshift...

Cellular Respiration

What Is Cellular Respiration? Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert food into usable energy, breaking down glucose (sugar) in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Three Stages of Cellular...

The Carbon Cycle & Climate Change

What Is the Carbon Cycle? The carbon cycle describes how carbon moves through the Earth’s systems Key Steps in the Carbon Cycle: Photosynthesis: Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and convert it into oxygen and sugars. Respiration: Animals release CO₂...
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