Animal Communication

How Do Animals Communicate? Animals have amazing ways of “talking” using their senses—like sound, sight, smell, and touch! Sound (Auditory Communication): Whales use low-frequency sounds that can travel miles underwater. Birds use songs to warn others, find mates, and...

Animal Classification

How Do Scientists Classify Animals? Scientists classify animals using physical traits, behaviors, and genetics in a process called taxonomy. Scientists look at traits like backbones, body coverings, reproduction methods, and diet. Vertebrates have backbones (like...

Animal Classification

How Do Scientists Classify Animals? Scientists classify animals using physical traits, behaviors, and genetics in a process called taxonomy. Scientists look at traits like backbones, body coverings, reproduction methods, and diet. Vertebrates have backbones (like...

Vascular Plants

What Makes a Plant Vascular? Vascular plants have special tissues that help them grow tall and transport water and nutrients. Xylem carries water and minerals from the roots up to the leaves. Phloem carries sugar (food) made in the leaves to the rest of the plant....

Non-Vascular Plants

What Are Non-Vascular Plants? Non-vascular plants are simple, ancient plants without the tubes that most plants use to transport water. No vascular tissues: They don’t have xylem or phloem to carry water and nutrients. No true roots, stems, or leaves — instead, they...

Plant Classification

How Are Plants Classified? Scientists group plants based on their physical traits and evolution over time. Plant classification is part of taxonomy, the science of naming and organizing life. Main plant categories (from broad to specific):
 Kingdom → Division → Class...
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