Electric Circuits

What Is an Electric Circuit? An electric circuit is a complete path through which electric current flows. A circuit must form a closed loop for electricity to flow. Circuits have basic parts:
       🔹 Power source (like a battery)
       🔹 Wires to carry the current
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Basics of Thermodynamics

What Is Thermodynamics? Thermodynamics is the science that studies how heat and energy move and change in the universe. It explains how heat flows from warmer things to cooler ones. The First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or destroyed — only changed...

Chemistry in Cosmetics

What’s in Your Cosmetics? Cosmetics are made from mixtures of chemicals that serve specific roles, and many come from nature or labs. Base ingredients include water, oils, waxes, and alcohols. These help spread and stick the product to your skin. Active ingredients,...

Calcium & Strong Bones: Fact or Myth?

The Role of Calcium in Bone Health Calcium is a vital mineral that keeps our bones dense, hard, and healthy. Calcium joins with phosphate to form a strong mineral called hydroxyapatite that makes bones hard. Calcium also helps muscles contract, nerves send messages,...

Robotics in Medicine

How Robots Assist in Surgery Medical robots are transforming surgery by making it more precise and less risky. Degrees of freedom: Surgical robots like the da Vinci system have up to 7 flexible joints, so they can twist, rotate, and bend like a human wrist. Motion...
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