Protein Structure & Assembly
Proteins are built from tiny building blocks called amino acids, which join in a specific order to create a unique structure.
Building Blocks: Proteins are made up of 20 different amino acids.
Peptide Bonds: Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form long chains called polypeptides.
Levels of Structure:
Primary Structure: The specific sequence of amino acids.
Secondary Structure: Local folding (like alpha-helices and beta-sheets).
Tertiary Structure: The overall 3D shape of a single protein.
Protein Functions & Their Role
Proteins perform many roles in the body, from speeding up chemical reactions to building and repairing tissues.
Enzymes: Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions.
Structural Proteins: Provide support (e.g., collagen, keratin).
Transport Proteins: Carry molecules like oxygen (e.g., hemoglobin).
Immune Proteins: Fight infections (e.g., antibodies).
Role in Growth & Repair: Proteins are crucial for growth and healing, as they are essential for building new tissues and repairing damaged cells.
Impact of Protein Structural Changes
Even small changes in a protein’s structure can affect how it works in the body.
Structural Changes: Alterations in the protein’s sequence or folding (due to heat, pH changes, or mutations) can lead to denaturation, where the protein loses its shape and function.
Biological Impact: Improperly folded proteins can cause diseases (e.g., sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis).
Even minor modifications can change how enzymes work, affecting metabolic processes.
Structural changes can impair a protein’s function, leading to health issues or reduced efficiency in growth and repair.
Fun Facts
Here are some interesting facts about proteins:
- Collagen’s triple-helix structure gives your skin its strength and elasticity.
- Insulin acts like a key that unlocks cells to absorb glucose for energy.
- Keratin is what makes your hair and nails tough and resistant to damage.
- Myosin works with actin in your muscles to convert energy into movement.
Review
Let’s quickly recap what we learned about proteins:
- What are the building blocks of proteins? Amino Acids
- What bond links amino acids together? Peptide
- Which protein type speeds up reactions in the body? Enzymes
- What term describes the sequence of amino acids? Primary
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