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Hormones and the Endocrine System

The Endocrine System - An Overview The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones to regulate vital body functions. Pituitary Gland: The “master gland” controls growth and other glands. Thyroid Gland: Regulates metabolism and energy....

Genetic Mutations: Helpful or Harmful?

What Are Genetic Mutations? Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can impact traits in various ways. Types of mutations: Point Mutation: A single base change (e.g., sickle cell anemia). Deletion/Insertion: Adding or removing DNA bases. Frameshift...

Cellular Respiration

What Is Cellular Respiration? Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert food into usable energy, breaking down glucose (sugar) in the presence of oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Three Stages of Cellular...

The Carbon Cycle & Climate Change

What Is the Carbon Cycle? The carbon cycle describes how carbon moves through the Earth’s systems Key Steps in the Carbon Cycle: Photosynthesis: Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and convert it into oxygen and sugars. Respiration: Animals release CO₂...

Newton’s Laws of Motion: How Objects Move

Newton's First and Second Laws Newton's First and Second Laws explain how objects resist changes in motion and how force affects acceleration. First Law (Law of Inertia): An object will stay at rest or move at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by...

The Invisible World of Microorganisms

What Are Microorganisms? Microorganisms are tiny living organisms visible only under a microscope. Types include: Bacteria: Single-celled organisms found everywhere (e.g., in soil, water, and our bodies). Viruses: Non-living particles that infect living cells to...

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