What is Genetics? Genetics is the science of how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes, which determine everything from physical features to biological functions. Genes are segments of DNA that carry instructions for making proteins, which...

Composition of the Earth’s Crust The Earth's crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. Materials: Composed mainly of rocks and minerals. Two main types of crust: Continental Crust: Thicker and less dense; primarily made of granite. Oceanic Crust: Thinner and denser;...

The Impacts of Air & Water Pollution Air Pollution: Factories, vehicles, and industries release harmful gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide into the air. Air pollution can cause acid rain, which harms plants, water, and soil by making them too acidic for...

What Is Energy Conservation? Energy conservation means that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant, although it can change from one form to another. Law of Conservation of Energy: This law, a fundamental concept in physics, states that energy...

Aerodynamics – The Science of Motion in Air Aerodynamics studies how gases (like air) interact with moving objects. This science helps us understand how airplanes, cars, and even birds move through the air efficiently. Key Forces in Aerodynamics: Lift: The upward...

What Are Acids? Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. They taste sour (Examples: lemon juice or vinegar). Acids have a pH of less than 7 on the pH scale. Strong acids, like hydrochloric acid, can react with metals and even...

What Is Magnetism? Magnetism is a force caused by the movement of electric charges, creating magnetic fields. Magnetic poles: Every magnet has two poles – North and South. Opposite poles attract, and like poles repel. Magnetic field: The area around a magnet where its...

What Is Pollination? Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred from a flower's male part (anther) to its female part (stigma), leading to fertilization and the production of seeds. Plants pollinate using animals, wind, and water, but bees are the most...

What Are Tectonic Plates? Tectonic plates are massive, irregularly shaped slabs of rock that make up the Earth's lithosphere (the outermost layer of Earth). These plates move slowly over the asthenosphere, a more fluid-like layer beneath the lithosphere. Lithosphere:...